Ghana’s government reintroduces import duty on mobile devicesGhana was one of the first countries in Africa to liberalise and deregulate its telecommunications sector. Following the privatisation of Ghana Telecom in 1996 there was very rapid growth in market competition across the mobile, internet and fixed-line sectors, with a number of new players being licensed to offer services. Ghana Telecom, now owned by Vodafone Group, is the principal fixed-line provider and also the second largest player in the mobile services segment. The second national operator, Westel, was also re-privatised, in 2007, becoming a member of the Zain Group, one of Africa’s leading mobile operators, before being sold to Bharti Airtel in 2010.
The arrival of two submarine fibre optic cables in 2012 and 2013 significantly increased international bandwidth and with it reduced the cost of access to broadband services. In addition, Google has built a fibre network covering the major cities through which it provides cheaper access to ISPs on a wholesale basis. These developments, combined with the roll out of national fibre backbone networks by a number of players, are continuing to revolutionise the country’s broadband market and pave the way for the convergence of technologies and services.
Ghana has one of the most vibrant mobile markets in Africa. The first cellular mobile network in sub-Saharan Africa was launched in the country in 1992. There are currently six competing operators, including the regional heavyweights MTN, Vodafone, Bharti Airtel (formerly Zain) and Millicom (Tigo). The entry of Nigeria’s Globacom as the sixth player in 2012 delivered further competition to the mix. Although subscriber growth has been strong in recent years, particularly in 2015, competition has resulted in lower Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) and consequently operators have seen stagnant revenue growth. While the voice market is saturated, there is enormous potential in mobile broadband services, both in terms of subscriber additions and in mobile data ARPU. Mobile broadband already accounts for the vast majority of internet connections in the country.
Ghana was among the first countries in Africa to be connected to the internet, and one of the first to launch DSL services. The sector is highly competitive, with more than 140 licensed ISPs although most subscribers are customers of only a few players. Internet user growth was for many years held back by the poor condition of the national fixed-line network and by the high cost of connectivity. However, following the introduction of wireless and 3G mobile and wireless broadband technologies such as HSPA and WiMAX, and latterly by LTE, the sector has in recent years developed rapidly. In addition, the arrival of a further two international fibre links in 2012 and 2013 led to a dramatic fall in the cost of international bandwidth, and so to the price of retail access. The government has also invested in building extensive fibre infrastructure in the Eastern and Western Corridors. The re-privatised national carrier, Ghana Telecom, under the Vodafone Ghana banner, has also been more effective in driving the broadband market by expanding its retail and wholesale offerings.
Key developments:
Government re-imposes mobile phone tax;
Afriwave Telecom licensed to operate as an Interconnect Clearing House for mobile calls;
Airtel Ghana partners with Verifone Mobile Money to launch NFC-enabled devices;
National Information Technology Agency sets up a mobile TV service;
MTN Ghana secures one spectrum in the 800MHz band, sets to launch LTE services by mid-2016;
Vodafone Ghana launches M-PESA service;
Sudatel claiming to have sold its stake in Expresso;
Google builds out 1,200km of metro-net fibre as part of its Project Link program;
Tigo opens Accra data centre;
Eastern Corridor project completed, work starts on Western Corridor;
Government planning launch of the Ghanasat 1 satellite in 2020;
Report update includes the regulator’s market data to January 2016, telcos’ operating data to Q1 2016, recent market developments.
Companies mentioned in this report:
MTN Ghana, Vodafone Ghana (Ghana Telecom; OneTouch), Millicom Ghana (Tigo), Expresso Telecom (Sudatel, Kasapa), Globacom (Glo Mobile), Bharti Airtel (Zain/Celtel, Westel), Thuraya, Network Computer Systems (NCS), InternetGhana, Africa Online, Busy Internet, Linkserve, IDN, Infinite Stream Ghana, Electricity Corporation of Ghana (ECG), Cactel Communications, Main One, O3b Networks, VoltaCom, Internet Solutions, Phase3 Telecom, Telkom Malaysia, Telenor, Capital Telecom, Suburban Telecom.
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1. Key statistics and Country Overview
1.1 Key statistics
1.2 Country overview
2. Telecommunications market
2.1 Historical overview
3. Regulatory environment
3.1 Regulatory authority
3.2 West African Common Regulatory Framework 2005
3.3 New competition framework 2006
3.4 Electronic Communications Act
3.5 Electronic Transaction Act
3.6 Universal service
3.7 Ghana Investment Fund for Telecommunications (GIFTEL)
3.7.1 The eCARE project
3.8 Telecom sector liberalisation
3.9 Fixed-line licence conditions
4. Fixed network operators
4.1 Ghana Telecom (Vodafone Ghana)
4.1.1 First privatisation 1997-2007
4.1.2 The Telenor period, 2003-2005
4.1.3 Second privatisation 2008
4.1.4 Services
4.1.5 Network infrastructure
4.1.6 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
4.1.7 National fibre backbone
4.2 Bharti Airtel (Zain, Westel)
4.2.1 Nationalisation 2006
4.2.2 Re-privatisation 2007
4.3 Capital Telecom (defunct)
5. Telecommunications infrastructure
5.1 Overview of the national telecom network
5.2 Public payphones
5.3 Fibre backbone infrastructure
5.4 International infrastructure
5.4.1 Submarine fibre optic cables
5.4.2 Satellite services
5.5 Data centres
6. Broadband market
6.1 Introduction and statistical overview
6.2 Broadband statistics
6.3 PC penetration, Affordable computer programs
6.4 Public Internet Access Venues (PAVs)
6.5 Shared access centres
6.6 Mobile Telecentre To-Go
6.6.1 Ghana Internet Service Providers Association (GISPA)
6.6.2 Ghana Internet Exchange Point (GIX)
6.7 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) networks
6.7.1 Fixed wireless broadband
6.7.2 Powerline Communication (PLC)
6.7.3 Internet via satellite
6.7.4 O3b
6.8 Domestic backbone network infrastructure
6.8.1 Ghana National Public Data Network (DataNet)
6.8.2 GT FastNet
6.8.3 VoltaCom
6.8.4 Internet Solutions (IS)
6.8.5 Phase3 Telecom
6.8.6 Electronic Data Interchange
6.8.7 VSAT networks
7. Digital media
7.1 Videostreaming
7.2 Communications: VoIP
8. Digital economy
8.1 E-commerce
8.2 E-government, e-Ghana project
8.3 E-learning
8.4 E-health
8.5 Facebook and LinkedIn
9. Mobile communications
9.1 Market analysis
9.2 Mobile statistics
9.2.1 General statistics
9.2.2 Mobile broadband/data
9.2.3 Forecasts – mobile subscribers – 2016; 2018; 2021
9.3 Regulatory issues
9.3.1 Licensing
9.3.2 Spectrum
9.3.3 Roaming
9.3.4 Mobile Termination Rates (MTRs)
9.3.5 Mobile Number Portability (MNP)
9.3.6 Network sharing
9.3.7 Tariffs
9.3.8 Taxation
9.3.9 Registration of subscriber details
9.3.10 Billing
9.4 Mobile infrastructure
9.4.1 Analogue networks
9.4.2 Digital networks
9.4.3 Other infrastructure developments
9.5 Satellite mobile
9.6 Major mobile operators
9.6.1 Vodafone (Ghana Telecom, OneTouch)
9.6.2 MTN Ghana (formerly ScanCom, Spacefon Areeba)
9.6.3 Tigo (Millicom Ghana, Mobitel)
9.6.4 Expresso
9.6.5 Bharti Airtel (Zain/Celtel, Westel)
9.6.6 Glo Mobile
9.6.7 Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
9.6.8 M2M
9.7 Mobile content and applications
9.7.1 M-banking
9.7.2 Mobile video streaming
9.7.3 M-health
9.7.4 M-TV
9.8 Mobile handsets
Table 1 – Country statistics – 2015 (e)
Table 2 – Fixed-line network statistics – 2016 (Jan)
Table 3 – Internet provider statistics – 2016
Table 4 – Internet, broadband and social media user statistics – 2015
Table 5 – Mobile statistics – 2016 (Jan)
Table 6 – National telecommunications authority
Table 7 – Fixed-line and mobile services revenue – 2010 - 2012
Table 8 – Fixed-line subscribers by operator – 2011 – 2014; 2016
Table 9 – Historic - Fixed lines in service and teledensity – 1999 - 2009
Table 10 – Fixed lines in service and teledensity – 2010 - 2016
Table 11 – International bandwidth – 2001 - 2014
Table 12 – Ghana Telecom broadband subscribers – 2012 - 2015
Table 13 – Historic - Internet users and penetration rate – 2000 - 2009
Table 14 – Internet users and penetration rate – 2010 - 2016
Table 15 – Fixed-line internet subscribers – 2009 - 2016
Table 16 – Fixed-line broadband subscribers – 2004 - 2016
Table 17 – DSL subscribers – 2005 - 2016
Table 18 – Historic - Mobile subscribers and penetration rate – 1999 - 2009
Table 19 – Total mobile voice subscribers – 2010 - 2016
Table 20 – Mobile voice subscribers by operator – 2011 - 2016
Table 21 – Mobile voice subscriber market share by operator – 2011 - 2016
Table 22 – Overview of mobile network launch dates
Table 23 – Mobile broadband subscribers by operator – 2013 - 2016
Table 24 – Mobile broadband subscriber share by operator – 2015 - 2016
Table 25 – Mobile broadband subscribers and penetration – 2009 - 2016
Table 26 – Forecast mobile subscribers – 2016; 2018; 2021
Table 27 – Cumulative mobile number portings – 2011 - 2015
Table 28 – Vodafone Ghana subscribers – 2008 - 2016
Table 29 – MTN Ghana financial data – 2010 - 2015
Table 30 – MTN Ghana mobile subscribers (regulator data) – 2012 - 2016
Table 31 – MTN Ghana ARPU – 2002 – 2016
Table 32 – Tigo Ghana mobile subscribers (regulator data) – 2013 - 2016
Table 33 – Tigo Ghana mobile subscribers (company data) – 2010 - 2016
Table 34 – Espresso Ghana mobile subscribers – 2013 - 2016
Table 35 – Espresso Ghana mobile subscribers – 2013 - 2016
Table 36 – Glo Mobile subscribers – 2013 - 2016
Chart 1 – Fixed lines in service and teledensity – 2005 - 2016
Chart 2 – Mobile voice subscribers by operator – 2011 – 2016
Chart 3 – Mobile subscribers and penetration rate – 2005 - 2015
Exhibit 1 – SMS as a weapon against drug counterfeiting
