CountryFocus: Healthcare, Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape - Italy

GlobalData
287 Pages - GLDATA49820
$1,995.00

Summary

GlobalData, the industry analysis specialist, has released its new report, “CountryFocus: Healthcare, Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape - Italy”. The report is an essential source of information and analysis on Italy’s healthcare, regulatory and reimbursement landscape. It identifies the key trends in the healthcare market and provides insights into the demographic, regulatory and reimbursement landscape and the country’s healthcare infrastructure. Most importantly, it provides valuable insights into the trends and segmentation of the Italian pharmaceutical and medical device markets. The report is built using data and information sourced from proprietary databases, secondary research and in-house analysis by GlobalData’s team of industry experts.

Italy’s population was 61.78 million in 2015, and is increasing due to a positive balance between the birth and death rates, as well as through immigration. The country’s policymakers are currently faced with the challenge of an increasing unemployment rate due to a lack of clear monetary policies. The pharmaceutical market at the consumer price level (including Value Added Tax (VAT) and excluding hospital sales) was estimated at $22 billion in 2015, and is expected to decline to approximately $18 billion by 2020, at a negative Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.3%. The medical devices market was estimated at approximately $13.2 billion in 2015, and is expected to reach $16.2 billion by 2020, at a CAGR of 4.2%. The decline of Italy’s pharmaceutical market can primarily be attributed to -
- Owing to government measures to decrease healthcare expenditure
- Falling sales of patented drugs,
- Price cuts for drugs
- Government initiatives to promote generics
- The strict pricing of drugs through negotiations and through external reference pricing and internal reference pricing

Scope

The report provides information on Italy’s healthcare, regulatory and reimbursement landscape, and includes -
- An overview of the pharmaceutical and medical devices markets, comprising size, segmentation and key drivers and barriers
- Profiles and SWOT analyses of the major players in the pharmaceutical and medical devices market. The major players covered for the pharmaceutical market are Menarini, Angelini, Chiesi, Bracco and Recordati. The major players covered for the medical devices market are DePuy Synthes, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Baxter, Essilor and Siemens Healthcare
- An insightful review of the country’s reimbursement and regulatory landscape, including details of the healthcare reimbursement process, regulatory agencies and approval processes for new drugs
- Detailed analysis of the political and economic environment, including economic indicators, demographics, and healthcare infrastructure and expenditure
- An overview of the opportunities for and challenges to growth in the healthcare market

Reasons to buy

This report will enhance your decision-making capability by allowing you to -
- Develop business strategies by understanding the trends shaping and driving Italy’s healthcare market
- Drive revenues by understanding the key trends, reimbursement and regulatory policies, pharmaceutical market segments and companies likely to impact Italy’s healthcare market in the future
- Formulate effective sales and marketing strategies by understanding the competitive landscape and analyzing competitors’ performance
- Organize your sales and marketing efforts by identifying the market categories and segments that present the most opportunities for consolidation, investment and strategic partnership

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1 Table of Contents
1 Table of Contents 7
1.1 List of Tables 11
1.2 List of Figures 15
2 Introduction 20
2.1 GlobalData Report Guidance 20
3 Overview of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Markets 21
3.1 Pharmaceutical Market 21
3.1.1 Market Overview 21
3.1.2 Pharmaceutical Import and Export 23
3.1.3 Supply Channels 25
3.1.4 Market Segments 26
3.1.5 Major Therapeutic Areas 31
3.1.6 Major Companies 34
3.2 Medical Device Market 74
3.2.1 Market Overview 74
3.2.2 Overview of Top Five Segments 76
3.2.3 Diagnostic Market 87
3.2.4 Major Companies 89
3.3 Market Drivers and Barriers 125
3.3.1 Drivers 125
3.3.2 Barriers 127
4 Market Access 130
4.1 Reimbursement and Payer Landscape 130
4.1.1 Overview of Healthcare system 130
4.1.2 Evolution of Healthcare System in Italy 135
4.1.3 Reimbursement Process 138
4.1.4 Overview of Insurance Providers 144
4.1.5 Patient Share in Healthcare Spending 146
4.1.6 Price Trends in the Healthcare Sector 149
4.1.7 Pricing Policies 150
4.2 Regulatory Landscape 152
4.2.1 Overview of Regulatory Agencies 152
4.2.2 Market Authorization Procedure for Pharmaceutical Products 153
4.2.3 New Medical Device Approval Process 166
4.2.4 Licensing Process for Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Manufacturing 170
4.2.5 Intellectual Property Rights 173
4.2.6 Clinical Trial Regulations 176
4.2.7 Pharmaceutical Advertising Regulations 180
4.2.8 Pharmacy Regulations 183
4.2.9 Labeling and Packaging Regulations 184
5 Country Analysis 187
5.1 Political Environment 187
5.1.1 Political Structure 187
5.1.2 Analysis of the Current Political Environment 193
5.1.3 Healthcare Policy Initiatives 195
5.2 Economic Landscape 196
5.3 Economic Indicators 199
5.3.1 Gross Domestic Product 199
5.3.2 Gross National Income 203
5.3.3 Inflation 204
5.3.4 Currency Exchange Rate 207
5.3.5 Foreign Direct Investment 208
5.3.6 Foreign Exchange Reserves 210
5.3.7 Trade Balance 211
5.3.8 Government Structural Balance 214
5.3.9 Government Net Debt 215
5.3.10 Major Industries 216
5.4 Demographics 218
5.4.1 Population 218
5.4.2 Education and Literacy 237
5.4.3 Employment 240
5.4.4 Disease Burden 241
5.5 Healthcare Infrastructure 243
5.5.1 Healthcare Facilities 243
5.5.2 Healthcare Parameters 247
5.5.3 Environmental Health 249
5.5.4 Healthcare Personnel 253
5.6 Healthcare Expenditure 257
5.6.1 Overview of Healthcare Expenditure 257
5.6.2 Major Components of Healthcare Expenditure 259
5.6.3 Healthcare Expenditure Distribution 260
5.6.4 Spending in Pharmaceutical R&D 262
5.7 Trade Associations 263
5.7.1 Pharmaceutical Industry Association 263
5.7.2 Farmindustria 263
5.7.3 Assogenerici 263
5.7.4 Confindustria 264
5.8 Trade Fairs 264
6 Opportunities and Challenges 265
6.1 Opportunities 265
6.2 Challenges 267
7 Appendix 270
7.1 Abbreviations 270
7.2 Bibliography 272
7.3 Research Methodology 284
7.3.1 Coverage 285
7.3.2 Secondary Research 285
7.3.3 Forecasts 286
7.3.4 Expert Panel 286
7.4 Disclaimer 286

1.1 List of Tables
Table 1: Pharmaceutical Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 22
Table 2: Pharmaceutical Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 23
Table 3: Pharmaceutical Market, Italy, Imports and Exports ($bn), 2008-2015 24
Table 4: Pharmaceutical Distribution Channel, Italy, Price Margins (%), 2014 26
Table 5: OTC Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn) 2008-2015 29
Table 6: OTC Market, Italy, Revenue ($m) and Market Share (%) by Segment, 2014 30
Table 7: Pharmaceutical Market, Italy, Healthcare Costs by Therapeutic Area ($bn), 2014 31
Table 8: Menarini, Global, Major Products 36
Table 9: Menarini, Late-Stage Pipeline, 2014 37
Table 10: Angelini, Global, Major Products 43
Table 11: Angelini, Late-Stage Pipeline, 2016 45
Table 12: Chiesi, Global, Major Products 51
Table 13: Chiesi, Late-Stage Pipeline, 2014 54
Table 14: Bracco, Global, Major Products 61
Table 15: Recordati, Global, Major Products 70
Table 16: Recordati, Late-Stage Pipeline, 2016 74
Table 17: Medical Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 75
Table 18: Medical Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 76
Table 19: Medical Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($m) and Market Share (%) by Segment, 2015 77
Table 20: In Vitro Diagnostics Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 78
Table 21: In Vitro Diagnostics Market, Italy, Revenue ($m) and Market Shares (%) of Major Players, 2014 79
Table 22: Cardiovascular Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 80
Table 23: Cardiovascular Disease Market, Italy, Revenue ($m) and Market Shares (%) of Major Players, 2014 81
Table 24: Orthopedic Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 82
Table 25: Orthopedic Devices Market, Italy, Revenue ($m) and Market Shares (%) of Major Players, 2014 83
Table 26: Hospital Supplies Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 84
Table 27: Hospital Supplies Market, Italy, Revenue ($m) and Market Shares (%) of Major Players, 2014 85
Table 28: Nephrology and Urology Devices Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 86
Table 29: Nephrology and Urology Devices Market, Italy, Revenue ($m) and Market Shares (%) of Major Players, 2014 87
Table 30: Diagnostic Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 88
Table 31: Diagnostic Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2016-2020 89
Table 32: Medical Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($m) and Market Shares (%) of Major Players, 2012 90
Table 33: GlaxoSmithKline, Global, Major Products, Revenue and Annual Growth, 2014 98
Table 34: Baxter, Global, Major Products, 2016 105
Table 35: Siemens Healthcare, Global, Major Products, 2015 118
Table 36: Market Access, Italy, Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (%), 2008-2015 147
Table 37: Market Access, Italy, Average Price Change (%), 2008-2015 150
Table 38: Patent Application Fee ($), Italy, 2016 174
Table 39: Election Results, Italy, February 2013 193
Table 40: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross Domestic Product per Capita ($), 2008-2015 200
Table 41: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross Domestic Product per Capita Forecast ($), 2016-2020 201
Table 42: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross Domestic Product Annual Growth (%), 2008-2015 202
Table 43: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross Domestic Product Annual Growth Forecast (%), 2016-2020 203
Table 44: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross National Income per Capita ($), 2008-2014 204
Table 45: Economic Indicators, Italy, Average Consumer Price Index, 2008-2015 205
Table 46: Economic Indicators, Italy, Average Consumer Price Index, Forecast 2016-2020 206
Table 47: Economic Indicators, Italy, Average Consumer Price Annual Change (%), 2008-2015 207
Table 48: Economic Indicators, Italy, Currency Exchange Rate (€/$), 2008-2015 208
Table 49: Economic Indicators, Italy, Foreign Direct Investment ($bn), 2008-2014 210
Table 50: Economic Indicators, Italy, Foreign Exchange Reserves ($bn), 2008-2014 211
Table 51: Economic Indicators, Italy, Imports of Goods and Services ($bn), 2008-2014 212
Table 52: Economic Indicators, Italy, Exports of Goods and Services ($bn), 2008-2014 213
Table 53: Economic Indicators, Italy, Government Structural Balance ($bn), 2008-2015 214
Table 54: Economic Indicators, Italy, General Government Net Debt (% of GDP), 2008-2015 215
Table 55: Economic Indicators, Italy, General Government Net Debt, Forecast (% of GDP), 2016-2020 216
Table 56: Economic Indicators, Italy, Major Industries, Annual Change in Gross Value Added Per Hour Worked at Constant Prices (%), 2013 and 2015 217
Table 57: Demographics, Italy, Population (million), 2008-2015 219
Table 58: Demographics, Italy, Population Forecast (million), 2016-2020 220
Table 59: Demographics, Italy, Population, Urban and Rural Population Share (%), 2008-2015 221
Table 60: Demographics, Italy, Population, Urban and Rural Population Share, Forecast (%), 2016-2020 222
Table 61: Demographics, Italy, Population Distribution by Age Group (%), 2008-2015 224
Table 62: Demographics, Italy, Population Distribution by Age Group, Forecast (%), 2016-2020 225
Table 63: Demographics, Italy, Births (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 226
Table 64: Demographics, Italy, Mortality (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 227
Table 65: Demographics, Italy, Major Causes of Mortality, 2014 229
Table 66: Demographics, Italy, Children Under Five Years of Age, Mortality (per 1,000 Live Births), 2008-2015 230
Table 67: Demographics, Italy, Immunization Rate (%), 2008-2015 231
Table 68: Demographics, Italy, Major Causes of Male Mortality, 2014 232
Table 69: Demographics, Italy, Major Causes of Female Mortality, 2015 233
Table 70: Demographics, Italy, Gender Ratio (M/F), 2008-2015 234
Table 71: Demographics, Italy, Life Expectancy at Birth (Years), 2008-2015 236
Table 72: Demographics, Italy, Life Expectancy at Birth Forecast (Years), 2016-2020 237
Table 73: Demographics, Italy, Student Enrollment for School Education (%), 2013 239
Table 74: Demographics, Italy, Student Enrollment for University Education (%), 2012 240
Table 75: Demographics, Italy, Unemployment Rate (%), 2008-2015 241
Table 76: Demographics, Italy, Major Diseases, DALYs (per 1,000 Population), 2009 243
Table 77: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Hospitals, 2008-2015 244
Table 78: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Beds (per 1,000 Population) by Type of Service, 2008-2015 245
Table 79: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Diagnostic Equipment (per Million Population), 2008-2015 246
Table 80: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Hospital Beds (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 247
Table 81: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Doctors (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 248
Table 82: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, PM2.5 emissions (µgm/m³ ), 2008-2015 250
Table 83: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, SOx Emissions (thousand tons), 2008-2015 251
Table 84: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, NOx Emissions (Thousand Tons), 2008-2015 252
Table 85: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, CO2 Emissions (Million Tons), 2008-2015 253
Table 86: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, General Practitioners (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 254
Table 87: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Nurses (per 100,000 Population), 2008-2015 255
Table 88: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Dentists (per 100,000 Population), 2008-2015 256
Table 89: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Pharmacist (per 100,000 Population), 2008-2015 257
Table 90: Italy, Healthcare Expenditure (% of GDP), 2008-2015 258
Table 91: Healthcare Expenditure, Italy, Major Components of Healthcare Expenditure (%), 2008-2015 260
Table 92: Healthcare Expenditure, Italy, Public-Private Share (%), 2008-2015 262
Table 93: Healthcare Expenditure, Italy, Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditure ($bn), 2008-2015 262
Table 94: Major Healthcare Trade Fairs, Italy, 2016 264

1.2 List of Figures
Figure 1: Pharmaceutical Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 22
Figure 2: Pharmaceutical Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 23
Figure 3: Pharmaceutical Market, Italy, Imports and Exports ($bn), 2008-2015 24
Figure 4: Pharmaceutical Distribution Channel, Italy, Price Margins (%), 2014 25
Figure 5: OTC Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn) 2008-2015 29
Figure 6: OTC Market, Italy, Revenue by Segment ($m), 2014 30
Figure 7: Pharmaceutical Market, Italy, Healthcare Costs by Therapeutic Area ($bn), 2014 31
Figure 8: Medical Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 75
Figure 9: Medical Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 76
Figure 10: Medical Device Market, Italy, Revenue by Segment ($m), 2015 77
Figure 11: In Vitro Diagnostics Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 78
Figure 12: In Vitro Diagnostics Market, Italy, Market Shares of Major Players (%) 2014 79
Figure 13: Cardiovascular Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 80
Figure 14: Cardiovascular Disease Market, Italy, Market Shares of Major Players (%), 2014 81
Figure 15: Orthopedic Device Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 82
Figure 16: Orthopedic Device Market, Italy, Market Shares of Major Players (%), 2014 83
Figure 17: Hospital Supplies Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 84
Figure 18: Hospital Supplies Market, Italy, Market Shares of Major Players (%), 2014 85
Figure 19: Nephrology and Urology Devices Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 86
Figure 20: Nephrology and Urology Devices Market, Italy, Market Shares of Major Players (%), 2014 87
Figure 21: Diagnostic Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2008-2015 88
Figure 22: Diagnostic Market, Italy, Revenue ($m), 2016-2020 89
Figure 23: Medical Device Market, Italy, Revenue of Major Players ($m), 2012 90
Figure 24: Healthcare Market, Italy, Drivers and Barriers, 2016 129
Figure 25: Market Access, Italy, Overview of Healthcare System 134
Figure 26: Market Access, Italy, Evolution of Healthcare System 137
Figure 27: Market Access, Italy, Pricing and Reimbursement Process for Pharmaceuticals, 2012 140
Figure 28: Market Access, Italy, Pricing and Reimbursement Process for Medical Devices in Hospital Setting, 2012 143
Figure 29: Market Access, Italy, Pricing and Reimbursement Process for Medical Devices in Ambulatory Setting, 2012 144
Figure 30: Market Access, Italy, Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (%), 2008-2015 147
Figure 31: Market Access, Italy, Average Price Change (%), 2008-2015 150
Figure 32: Market Access, Italy, National Procedure for Marketing Authorization, 2013 155
Figure 33: Market Access, Centralized Procedure for Market Authorization, Pre-submission, EU, 2013 157
Figure 34: Market Access, Centralized Procedure, Market Authorization, Pre-opinion Phase, EU, 2013 159
Figure 35: Market Access, Centralized Procedure, Market Authorization, Post-opinion Phase, EU, 2013 161
Figure 36: Market Access, Decentralized Procedure, Market Authorization, EU, 2013 163
Figure 37: Market Access, Decentralized Procedure, Market Authorization, EU, 2013 165
Figure 38: Market Access, Conformity Assessment of Class I Medical Devices, EU, 2013 167
Figure 39: Market Access, Conformity Assessment of Class IIa Medical Devices, EU, 2013 168
Figure 40: Market Access, Conformity Assessment of Class IIb Medical Devices, EU, 2013 169
Figure 41: Market Access, Conformity Assessment of Class III Medical Devices, EU, 2013 170
Figure 42: Market Access, Licensing Process for Manufacturing, Italy, 2011 172
Figure 43: Market Access, Patent Approval Process, Italy, 2011 175
Figure 44: Market Access, Patent Approval Process, Italy, 2011 179
Figure 45: Political Structure, Italy 190
Figure 46: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross Domestic Product per Capita ($), 2008-2015 200
Figure 47: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross Domestic Product per Capita Forecast ($), 2016-2020 201
Figure 48: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross Domestic Product Annual Growth (%), 2008-2015 202
Figure 49: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross Domestic Product Annual Growth Forecast (%), 2016-2020 203
Figure 50: Economic Indicators, Italy, Gross National Income per Capita ($), 2008-2014 204
Figure 51: Economic Indicators, Italy, Average Consumer Price Index, 2008-2015 205
Figure 52: Economic Indicators, Indonesia, Average Consumer Price Index Forecast, 2016-2020 206
Figure 53: Economic Indicators, Italy, Average Consumer Price Annual Change (%), 2008-2015 207
Figure 54: Economic Indicators, Italy, Currency Exchange Rate (€/$), 2008-2015 208
Figure 55: Economic Indicators, Italy, Foreign Direct Investment ($bn), 2008-2014 210
Figure 56: Economic Indicators, Italy, Foreign Exchange Reserves ($bn), 2008-2014 211
Figure 57: Economic Indicators, Italy, Imports of Goods and Services ($bn), 2008-2014 212
Figure 58: Economic Indicators, Italy, Exports of Goods and Services ($bn), 2008-2014 213
Figure 59: Economic Indicators, Italy, Government Structural Balance ($bn), 2008-2015 214
Figure 60: Economic Indicators, Italy, General Government Net Debt (% of GDP), 2008-2015 215
Figure 61: Economic Indicators, Italy, General Government Net Debt Forecast (% of GDP), 2016-2020 216
Figure 62: Economic Indicators, Italy, Major Industries, Annual Change in Gross Value Added Per Hour Worked at Constant Prices (%), 2013 and 2015 217
Figure 63: Demographics, Italy, Population (million), 2008-2015 219
Figure 64: Demographics, Italy, Population Forecast (million), 2016-2020 220
Figure 65: Demographics, Italy, Population, Urban and Rural Population Share (%), 2008-2015 221
Figure 66: Demographics, Italy, Population, Urban and Rural Population Share Forecast (%), 2016-2020 222
Figure 67: Demographics, Italy, Population Distribution by Age Group (%), 2008-2015 224
Figure 68: Demographics, Italy, Population Distribution by Age Group, Forecast (%), 2016-2020 225
Figure 69: Demographics, Italy, Births (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 226
Figure 70: Demographics, Italy, Mortality (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 227
Figure 71: Demographics, Italy, Major Causes of Mortality (‘000), 2014 228
Figure 72: Demographics, Italy, Children Under Five Years of Age, Mortality (per 1,000 Live Births), 2008-2015 230
Figure 73: Demographics, Italy, Immunization Rate (%), 2008-2015 231
Figure 74: Demographics, Italy, Major Causes of Male Mortality (‘000), 2014 232
Figure 75: Demographics, Italy, Major Causes of Female Mortality (‘000), 2014 233
Figure 76: Demographics, Italy, Gender Ratio (M/F), 2008-2015 234
Figure 77: Demographics, Italy, Life Expectancy at Birth (Years), 2008-2015 236
Figure 78: Demographics, Italy, Life Expectancy at Birth Forecast (Years), 2016-2020 237
Figure 79: Demographics, Italy, Student Enrollment for School Education (%), 2013 239
Figure 80: Demographics, Italy, Student Enrollment for University Education (%), 2012 240
Figure 81: Demographics, Italy, Unemployment Rate (%), 2008-2015 241
Figure 82: Demographics, Italy, Major Diseases, DALYs (per 1,000 Population), 2009 242
Figure 83: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Hospitals, 2008-2015 244
Figure 84: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Beds (per 1,000 Population) by Type of Service, 2008-2015 245
Figure 85: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Diagnostic Equipment (per Million Population), 2008-2015 246
Figure 86: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Hospital Beds (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 247
Figure 87: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Doctors (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 248
Figure 88: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, PM2.5 emissions (µgm/m³), 2008-2015 250
Figure 89: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, SOx Emissions (Thousand Tons), 2008-2015 251
Figure 90: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, NOx Emissions (Thousand Tons), 2008-2015 252
Figure 91: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, CO2 Emissions (Million Tons), 2008-2015 253
Figure 92: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, General Practitioners (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2015 254
Figure 93: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Nurses (per 100,000 Population), 2008-2015 255
Figure 94: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Dentists (per 100,000 Population), 2008-2015 256
Figure 95: Healthcare Infrastructure, Italy, Pharmacist (per 100,000 Population), 2008-2015 257
Figure 96: Italy, Healthcare Expenditure (% of GDP), 2008-2015 258
Figure 97: Healthcare Expenditure, Italy, Major Components Of Healthcare Expenditure (%), 2008-2015 260
Figure 98: Healthcare Expenditure, Italy, Public-Private Share (%), 2008-2015 261
Figure 99: Healthcare Expenditure, Italy, Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditure ($bn), 2008-2015 262
Figure 100: Healthcare Market, Italy, Opportunities and Challenges, 2016 269

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